Hartmut Marhold is Director for Research and Development and professor at the Centre International de Formation Européenne (CIFE) since 2002, and also teaches at the Universities of Cologne and the Turkish-German University, Istanbul. He specialised in the history of European Integration and German European politics. He also works on the institutional and constitutional evolution of the European Union and on the issue of federalism. He is an alumnus of the Institut européen des Hautes etudes internationales (IEHEI) Master’s programme 1980/81 and was DAAD Visiting Lecturer in Nice from 1986 to 1991.